What is springback in metal forming, and what strategies reduce its effect?

• A. Elastic recovery after deformation causes shape deviation; measures to reduce include overbending, tooling compensation, or selecting materials with favorable formability.
• B. Plastic deformation that cannot be recovered is springback.
• C. Elastic recovery after deformation causes shape deviation; one can reduce it by overbending, using compensation in tooling, and selecting materials with favorable formability.
• D. Springback is a desirable feature to ensure final geometry.

Answer: (C)

Springback is the elastic recovery that happens after a metal part has been formed and the forces are removed; the material tends to snap back toward its original shape, so the final geometry deviates from what was intended. The best answer combines three practical approaches: overbend the part so that after rebound it reaches the target shape; use tooling compensation to adjust the die and punch geometry to account for the rebound; and select materials with favorable formability, meaning they are more ductile and have a formable response that reduces elastic recovery. Together, these strategies address the cause (elastic recovery) and provide reliable ways to achieve the desired final dimensions.