Which statement best contrasts batch production with mass production?

• A. Batch production is high-volume with limited flexibility.
• B. Mass production is designed for small, customized lots.
• C. Batch production requires high upfront setup and cannot adjust volumes easily.
• D. Batch production handles small to medium volumes with flexibility; Mass production is high-volume with low unit cost; both require planning and QC.

Answer: (D)

The main idea being tested is how batch production and mass production differ in terms of volume, flexibility, and cost, while both rely on planning and quality control. Batch production handles small to medium volumes and allows switching between products from one batch to the next, offering flexibility to meet varying orders. Mass production runs at high volume with standardized products, achieving a low cost per unit through continuous processes and automation. Because of these differences, batch production is more adaptable, while mass production emphasizes efficiency and scale. Both approaches require careful planning to meet demand and quality control to ensure consistency. The other options misstate these characteristics—batch is not inherently high-volume with limited flexibility, mass is not typically for small customized lots, and batch can adjust volumes between batches rather than being locked in by high upfront setup.